云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

农村互助养老是老龄社会治理的重要实践创新，也是缓解农村养老服务供给不足的有效途径。通过对农村互助养老模式演变历程的梳理和衍生逻辑的分析，发现农村互助养老经历了自发互助、外部嵌入和协同治理三个阶段，农村互助养老模式变迁既源于养老需求、村自治组织与乡村精英的引领、互助文化传承、集体经济支持等内生因素驱动，也得益于政策扶持、多元主体协同等外部因素助推。实践经验表明，村庄内生动力是农村互助养老可持续发展的基础，政策支持是保障，主体协同是关键，互助文化是精神内核。“十五五”时期，推动农村互助养老可持续发展需从主体参与、组织动员、政策支持、价值塑造4个方面协同发力，深度激活村集体与村民内生动力，促进多元主体协同治理，增强政策协同性与保障力度，赓续乡村互助文化传统，凝聚互助养老价值共识。

Rural mutual-aid elderly care is an important and practical innovation in the governance of an aging society, and also an effective way to alleviate the shortage of the elderly care service supply in the rural areas. Through sorting out the evolutionary process of the rural mutual-aid elderly care model and analyzing its derivative logic, this study reveals that the rural mutual-aid elderly care has gone through three stages: spontaneous mutual support, external embedding, and collaborative governance. The evolution of the rural mutual-aid elderly care model is driven by endogenous factors such as elderly care needs, leadership from village autonomous organizations and rural elites, inheritance of the mutual-aid culture, and support from the collective economy, having also benefited from external factors such as policy support and collaboration among multiple stakeholders. The practical experience has shown that the endogenous driving force within villages is the foundation for the sustainable development of the rural mutual-aid elderly care, policy support serves as the safeguard, collaborative efforts among stakeholders are the key, and the mutual-aid culture is the spiritual core. In the period of the “15th Five-Year Plan”, promoting the development of the rural mutual-aid elderly care model requires concerted efforts from four aspects: the stakeholders' participation, organizational mobilization, policy support, and value construction. This approach aims to deeply activate the endogenous motivation of village collectives and villagers, promote collaborative governance among multiple agents, enhance policy coherence and support, continuously promote the mutual-aid culture, and forge a consensus on the value of mutual-aid elderly care.