云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

在农村人口老龄化、家庭养老功能式微的现实背景下，农村互助养老共同体是破解乡村养老困境的重要路径。基于制度性集体行动理论，构建“制度情境-行动实践”的分析框架，系统探究农村互助养老共同体的多元建构模式及其实践过程。研究发现，农村互助养老共同体可归纳为专业服务型、自我组织型和融合发展型三类典型模式。专业服务型以政府为核心，依托财政与政策支持供给专业化服务；自我组织型以村庄内生组织为枢纽，依托乡土社会资本实现自主互助；融合发展型以村集体为统筹主体，依托行政赋能与社会响应实现协同共治。实践证明，农村互助养老共同体的实践差异，本质是资源禀赋与主体角色定位互动形塑的偏向性协作形态，具体表现为政府主导的制度性合作生产、社会内生的自主性合作生产，以及政社协同的联动式协作生产。这种偏向性协同不会造成协作关系的失衡，能充分释放各主体的资源整合与供给效能。这一结论为理解中国特色互助养老提供了理论参考与实践启示。

Against the backdrop of the rural aging population and the declining functions of family-based elderly care, the rural community of mutual-aid elderly care is an important approach to solving the dilemma of rural elderly care. Based on the theory of institutional collective action, this paper constructs an analytical framework of “institutional context-practical action” to systematically explore the multidimensional construction models and practical processes of the rural community of mutual-aid elderly care. It concludes that such community falls into three typical models: the professional service-oriented, the self-organized, and the integrated development. The first type, with the government as the core, relies on the financial and policy support to provide specialized services; the second type relies on the endogenous organization of the village as the hub, relying on the local social capital to achieve autonomous mutual assistance; the third type takes the village collective as the main body of overall planning, relying on administrative empowerment and social response to achieve collaborative governance. It has been proved that the implementation differences of such community are essentially a selective collaborative form created by the interaction between resource endowment and the positioning of the major agent's role, which finds expression in the government-led institutional cooperative production, the socially endogenous autonomous cooperative production, and the cooperative production jointly implemented by the government and the social forces. This selective collaboration will not cause an imbalance in collaborative relationships, but can fully unleash the resource integration and supply efficiency of all the parties involved. This conclusion provides some theoretical reference and practical inspiration for understanding the mutual-aid elderly care with Chinese characteristics.